Application of Wave-Absorbing Materials in 5G Communications
The fifth-generation mobile communication standard (5G) boasts a theoretical transmission speed exceeding 10Gbps. 5G communication technology will be more extensively applied in fields such as mobile communications, the Internet of Things (IoT), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), autonomous driving, and smart homes. Compared with previous generations of mobile communication technologies, 5G features distinct technical characteristics, including higher application frequency bands, wider bandwidths, and more complex antenna technologies. These attributes result in more intricate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) challenges in 5G communication devices, thereby driving the broader adoption of wave-absorbing materials (electromagnetic radiation control materials) in the next-generation 5G communication technology sector.
In 5G communication systems, wave-absorbing materials are primarily utilized in communication equipment modules, device casings, base station cabinets, and communication antennas. Within equipment modules, these materials effectively suppress high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by communication chips from propagating along circuit boards, minimizing interference between high-frequency signals among chips. In device casings and base station cabinets, wave-absorbing materials absorb high-frequency electromagnetic waves emitted internally, addressing the issue of electromagnetic radiation leakage from communication equipment and reducing potential hazards to personnel and the environment.
In the evolution of 5G communication antennas, simple dipole antennas have transitioned to complex array antennas. The mutual coupling between array elements— a critical challenge—cannot be easily resolved through structural design alone. Consequently, wave-absorbing materials are employed to supplement the design of antenna parameters such as radiation patterns and gain. The integration of wave-absorbing materials enables array antennas to achieve more optimized radiation patterns, enhancing the coverage capability of 5G communication antennas across diverse application scenarios. With the widespread promotion and adoption of 5G technology, the demand for high-performance wave-absorbing materials in communication equipment and mobile terminals is poised for further growth.
